Drowsy Driving Kills 6,400 Americans Annually
美国每年有6400人死于疲劳驾驶

Charles Czeisler, director of the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School, talked about the dangers of drowsy driving at a recent Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Forum called Asleep at the Wheel.
哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)睡眠医学部的主任Charles Czeisler在最近的哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院(Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health)论坛上讲述疲劳驾驶的危险之处。

播音/撰文 Steve Mirsky
翻译 Meatle
审校 吴非
统筹 李轩

“It's particularly concerning that 56 million Americans a month admit that they drive when they haven't gotten enough sleep and they are exhausted.”
“每个月，有5600万的美国人承认他们在睡眠不足、筋疲力尽的情况下驾车，这个状况令我忧心忡忡。”
Charles Czeisler. He’s the director of the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
Charles Czeisler说。他是哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)睡眠医学部的主任。
“Eight million of them lose the struggle to stay awake and actually admit to falling asleep at the wheel every month—causing more than a million crashes every year, 50,000 debilitating injuries…and 6,400 deaths.”
“其中有800万人承认他们曾在驾驶的时候直接睡着。每年，这种现象导致了超过100万起交通事故，造成50 000人伤残以及6400人离世。”
He spoke at a recent Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Forum called Asleep at the Wheel: Drowsy Driving and Public Health.
他在最近的哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院(Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health)论坛发表名为《睡在轮下：疲劳驾驶与公共健康》（Asleep at the Wheel: Drowsy Driving and Public Health）的演讲。
“And we just finally got a consensus group, the first consensus panel of experts, to agree that if an individual has had less than two hours of sleep in the previous 24 hours that that's the equivalent of being negligent and should be added to the statutes. It's just like drunk driving.
“现在专家小组终于发出一致的声音，疲劳驾驶应当被写入法规。如果驾驶员在之前24小时内的睡眠时间不足2小时，那么就应该与酒驾一样，被列入危险驾驶。”
“So there are three groups that are particularly vulnerable. Young people think that because they're young, they're fit—they can do anything—that they would be the most resilient in the face of sleep deprivation. But actually young people are the most vulnerable…there's actually a biological reason…so as we get older we lose cells in the sleep switch in the brain, in the hypothalamus, that help us make the transition from wakefulness to sleep…when we keep an 18-year-old awake all night and compare that to keeping a 70-year-old awake all night, the 18-year-old will have 10 times as many involuntary lapses of attention than the older person. So young people are more vulnerable, not less, to the effects of sleep deprivation.
“下列三种人群是疲劳驾驶的高危人群。年轻人认为自己年轻、健壮、在睡眠不足时的恢复能力强。但事实上，他们才是最危险的。这一观点得到生物学证据的支持。随着年龄增长，下丘脑中控制睡眠的细胞逐渐凋亡。这些细胞能帮助我们从清醒状态转入睡眠状态。若我们让一个18岁的年轻人和70岁的老人整夜保持清醒，我们就会发现年轻人失神的次数远多于老人家。因此，年轻人更容易受到睡眠不足的影响。”
“The second group that is particularly vulnerable are night shift workers…and the third group that is particularly vulnerable are people with sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. One out of three men and one out of six women have sleep apnea. And yet, 85 percent are undiagnosed and untreated. And it more than doubles the risk of crashes.”
“第二类高危人群是夜班工人，第三类是睡眠障碍症，尤其是睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（sleep apnea）的患者。三分之一的男性和六分之一的女性患有睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，这其中有85 %的人至今未被确诊和接受治疗。这些人发生车祸的风险是普通人的两倍以上。”
The entire hour-long forum featuring Czeisler and other researchers discussing drowsy driving is archived on line. Just google “Harvard public health forum”.
Czeisler演讲的1小时完整视频和其他科学家关于疲劳驾驶的讨论已经上线，请搜索“Harvard public health forum”。