细菌告诉你：别吃了
Gut Bacteria Signal Your Brain When They're Full
细菌告诉你：别吃了
Twenty minutes into a meal, E. coli pump out appetite-suppressing proteins, which could influence our feeling of hunger. Christopher Intagliata reports.
进食20分钟以后，大肠杆菌会放出抑制食欲的蛋白，从而抑制我们的饥饿感。
撰文/播音 克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔（Christophor Intagliata）
翻译 M
审核 邰伦玥
This Thanksgiving, as you savor your turkey and stuffing, here's something else to give thanks for: the army of microbes that help you digest the feast. Because when you eat, you're feeding them too—and triggering an enormous bloom of gut bacteria. In fact, as many as a billion new E. coli bacteria may come into being during one of those feeding frenzies. But twenty minutes after that population explosion begins, the bacteria reach critical mass, and put on the brakes. And when they enter that 'resting state,' they start pumping out a particular suite of proteins.
这个感恩节，当你仔细品味你的火鸡时，你需要感谢另外的一些东西：一支帮你消化这顿盛宴的细菌军队。因为在你进食的时候，你也同时在喂养它们，同时引发了消化道细菌的数量的巨大增长。实际上，多达10亿个新生的大肠杆菌可能会在你大快朵颐的时候出生。然而，这种爆发性的数量增长开始20分钟后，细菌的群落数量达到临界值，并停止了增长。而当它们转为“休息状态”，它们开始生产一系列特定的蛋白质。
Researchers harvested those postprandial proteins from E. coli and added them to the colons of rats. And the proteins appeared to interact with endocrine cells in the gut, flipping on the production of hormones that tell the brain "Hey, stop eating. We're full." Meanwhile, mice injected with the E. coli proteins over the course of a week ate less at each meal (though they compensated by eating more often.) All of which suggests that the proteins put out by bacteria can influence—and even interfere with—our sense of feeling stuffed. The study is in the journal Cell Metabolism. [Jonathan Breton et al, Gut Commensal E. coli Proteins Activate Host Satiety Pathways following Nutrient-Induced Bacterial Growth]
研究人员采集了那些在进食后，大肠杆菌所生成的蛋白质，并将这种蛋白注入到鼠类的结肠中。而这些蛋白质与消化道中的内分泌细胞有相互作用，促使荷尔蒙的分泌告诉大脑“嘿，别吃了，我们吃饱了。”与此同时，被注射大肠杆菌蛋白的小鼠在一周内的每顿都进食得更少（尽管它们吃得更为频繁。）这些都说明了，这些源自细菌的蛋白质能够影响——甚至是扰乱我们的饱腹感。这项研究发表在《细胞代谢》上。
As far as overeating goes—the researchers say we probably won't inject people with bacterial appetite suppressants anytime soon. But it might be worth paying closer attention to the health and composition of our gut bacteria, since they do appear to play a role in regulating our urge to eat. So as you’re stuffing yourself with stuffing on Thursday, you might ask yourself: what would my gut bacteria want?
至于暴饮暴食，研究人员认为，短期内可能将不会为人们注射食欲抑制剂。然而，由于消化道细菌确实在调节我们的食欲上起到了作用，对它们的健康状况与种群组成的进一步研究将有价值。因此，在你在周四大餐上大快朵颐的时候，你可能需要想一下：消化道的小伙伴们想吃多少？
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京ICP备11000850号-1
京公网安备11010502039775号 信息网络传播视听节目许可证0111611号
国家科技基础条件平台