开胃菜怎样开胃？
Appetizers Can Psychologically Spoil Your Appetite
开胃菜怎样开胃？
Mediocre main dishes taste even worse when they follow delectable appetizers—an example of the so-called "hedonic effect." Erika Beras reports
所谓“享乐对比效应”告诉我们，味道的一般的一道菜放在开胃菜之后，会显得更难吃。
撰文/播音 埃里卡·贝拉斯（Erika Beras）
翻译 李轩
Lots of things influence how your dinner may taste to you: how it’s presented on a plate, how hungry you are and of course, your taste buds. But researchers wanted to know if early courses—appetizers—influence the taste of a meal, and truly do whet your appetite.
各种各样的因素都会影响你对晚餐的感受：摆盘的方式、饥饿程度，当然，还有食欲。不过研究人员想知道，开胃小菜是否会影响你的就餐体验呢？结果它还真会促进你的食欲。
Researchers had 64 volunteers eat one of two meals. The meals were the same—bruschetta as an appetizer and an entrée of pasta with garlic and oil. The pasta that everyone got was prepared to be only so-so. But some of the volunteers first got a bruschetta that was made to be mediocre, while the others got one that was stellar.
研究人员请来了64名志愿者吃饭。不过会有两种饭，这两种饭的种类是一样的：以意式面包作为开胃小菜，以意大利面作为正餐。意大利面做得都很一般，不同的是开胃甜点：有些人吃到的是很一般的意式面包，而另外一些人吃到的是一流的意式面包。
Then the volunteers rated the meals. And people who ate the good appetizer thought their entrée was even worse than did people who had the middling appetizer. The study is in the journal Food Quality and Preference. [Jacob Lahne and Debra A. Zellner, The great is the enemy of the good: Hedonic contrast in a coursed meal]
然后志愿都对就餐感受作出评价。吃到一流开胃甜点的人，对意面的评价反而更低。研究结果发表在了《食品质量与偏好》期刊上。
This work builds on previous studies that have focused on the perception of food and drink, and other sensory experience. In one investigation for example, researchers found that hearing a loud sound first then makes a soft sound seem to sound even softer.
此前研究曾研究过人对食物及饮料的感受或者其他感观体验，比如在一项调查中，研究人员发现，在听过轰鸣的声音后，轻柔的声音会显得更加轻柔。而此次的研究的是这些研究的进一步延伸。
Researchers call this effect hedonic contrast—the perception or pleasure gained from something is affected by how it compares to other similar stimuli. Maybe keep that fact in mind—or on the tip of your tongue—next time you plan your courses.
研究人员称这种效应为享乐对比，从某事中获得的感受或愉悦会受到相似刺激的对比影响。牢记这个原则，或许可以帮助你更好得安排上菜的顺序。
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京ICP备11000850号-1
京公网安备11010502039775号 信息网络传播视听节目许可证0111611号
国家科技基础条件平台