Climate Change Most Affects Nations That Didn't Produce It
气候变化：无辜的受害者

Developed nations that drive climate change incur relatively few of the costs, whereas countries that produce few greenhouse gas emissions will be hard-hit, like nonsmokers exposed to second-hand smoke.
在气候变化问题上，那些使问题恶化的发达国家承担了相对较少的损失，而那些排放了很少温室气体的国家却将深受其害，就像那些被烟鬼围困的不吸烟的人。

撰文/播音 史蒂夫·米尔斯基 (Steve Mirsky)
翻译 Meatle
审校 邰伦玥

“Less than 4 percent of countries are responsible for over half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.
“超过50%的全球温室气体由少于全球国家数量4%的国家所排放。”
Glenn Althor, of the University of Queensland.
昆士兰大学(the University of Queensland)的格伦·阿尔瑟(Glenn Althor)说。

“This means that the majority of countries are unfairly bearing the burden of a problem that they did not create. Clearly, this isn’t fair by any definition. It’s much like a non-smoker being trapped in a room and getting cancer from second hand smoke while a heavy smoker continues to puff away in good health.”
“这意味着大多数国家将要面对一大堆问题，非常不公平的是，这些问题并不是他们造成的。确实，无论如何这都是不公平的。这就像一个非吸烟者与一群烟鬼被困于一个房间。非吸烟者由于吸入二手烟而患上了癌症，而那些烟鬼仍然健康地在吞云吐雾。”

Althor and colleagues at the University of Queensland and the Wildlife Conservation Society have just published a study analyzing the contributions to climate change by the world’s nations versus the effect that climate change will have on those countries.
阿尔瑟与他的在昆士兰大学以及野生生物保护学会(the Wildlife Conservation Society)的同僚发表了一项研究。该项研究分析了不同国家在气候变化现象中的贡献，与气候变化对这些国家所造成的影响作对比。

“We found that developed nations, such as Australia, the United States, Canada and Russia, are essentially climate free riders, driving the problem of climate change while incurring relatively few of the costs, such as devastating flood, increased extreme weather and rising sea levels.”
“我们发现一些发达国家，比如澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和俄罗斯，搭了气候变化的便车，虽是加剧气候问题的主力，却承担了很少了气候变化的代价，例如毁灭性的洪水、多发的极端天气和海平面上升。”

Meanwhile, the most vulnerable countries, many of which are in Africa or are small island states, produce few greenhouse gas emissions. The study is in the Nature publication Scientific Reports. [Glenn Althor, James E. M. Watson and Richard A. Fuller, Global mismatch between greenhouse gas emissions and the burden of climate change]
与此同时，那些以非洲国家与小岛国为代表的，最为脆弱的国家，只排放了很少的温室气体。该项研究发表在《自然》出版社(Nature publication)的《科学报告》(Scientific Reports)上。[Glenn Althor, James E. M. Watson and Richard A. Fuller, Global mismatch between greenhouse gas emissions and the burden of climate change]

“While it’s important that this issue is defined by scientists, it needs to be acted on by global leaders. The Paris Climate Agreement, finalized in December last year, was widely seen as a positive step forward in addressing climate change. However, there must be an urgent and meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the Paris Agreement if we’re to help the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change while achieving global emissions reductions.”
“虽然由科学家来定义这个问题是很重要的，但应对这个问题，需要国家领导的协助。在上一年12月定案的巴黎气候协定(The Paris Climate Agreement)，被大众视为解决气候变化问题的有益的一步。然而，在减少全球温室气体排放的同时，如果我们需要帮助那些最容易受到气候变化影响的国家，我们必须针对巴黎协定中的政治条文制定出迅速又有效的政治动员方案。”