坚强的贝壳
Seashell Shapes Show Strength for Safety
贝壳的形状是对贝类强大的保护
Analysis of clamshell and screw-shaped shells reveals the structures withstand much greater forces than would a simple sphere or cylinder.
对蛤壳与螺壳的分析表明，相比较于简单的球状与柱状结构，这些贝壳的构造更为坚固。
撰文 辛飞亚·盖博（Cynthia Graber）
翻译 M
审校 弥生
Scientists have been looking to nature for inspiration for materials with useful properties. Insect exoskeletons and shark skin are examples of materials that exhibit strength, durability, and less wind and water drag.
为开发有用的材料，科学家一直在自然界中寻找灵感。昆虫外骨骼与鲨鱼皮所展现出的强度、耐久性以及减少空气和水的阻力等性质使他们成为仿生材料的代表。
They’re also looking at natural construction that could inform our own design projects. In that arena, researchers recently focused on the shape and structure of seashells. In a new study, they report on the properties of two types of shells collected from a sea shore in southern India: a bivalve with a typical clamshell-style shell, and a screw-type shell belonging to a turbinate.
他们同样考察自然界中的构造来为我们的设计寻找启发。最近，此领域的研究人员专注于海洋贝类的形状与结构。在一项新研究中，他们介绍了两种从印度南部海岸收集到的贝壳的性能：一种是典型蛤类的双壳贝，一种是陀螺状的螺壳贝。
The scientists performed a detailed analysis of the structures and the ways in which they respond to stresses at various locations.
科学家们对这两种贝壳的结构，以及贝壳上不同部位的压力响应模式进行了详细的研究。
They determined that the bivalve distributes force along the outer edge of the shell to protect the soft body inside. The screw-shaped shell keeps force directed at large rings while the soft body stays within the smaller rings.
他们发现双壳贝通过将压力分布到贝壳的边缘的方法来保护柔软的身体，而螺壳贝则把压力保持在大环，并将柔软的身体置于小环内。
The two shell shapes can survive loads nearly double that which could be withstood by a simple sphere or cylinder. The study is in the journal Science Advances. [Chandra Sekhar Tiwary et al, Morphogenesis and mechanostabilization of complex natural and 3-D printed shapes]
这两种贝状结构所能够承受的压力，几乎是简单球体或柱体结构能承受的压力的两倍。这项研究发表在《科学进展》杂志上。[Chandra Sekhar Tiwary et al, Morphogenesis and mechanostabilization of complex natural and 3-D printed shapes]
So if you wind up driving a shell-shaped car someday, it’ll be both stylish and designed to protect the soft bodies inside.
所以如果你有一天驾驶贝壳状的汽车，这将是为了保护其中柔软的身体所采用的时尚同时精妙的设计。
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京ICP备11000850号-1
京公网安备11010502039775号 信息网络传播视听节目许可证0111611号
国家科技基础条件平台