在这里的展板上我们可以看到，在印刷术发明之前，我国已经出现了两种原始的复制技术，捺印和拓印技术。捺印早在先秦时期就已经出现，简单说就是盖章。拓印起源于南北朝时期，它是把石头上的文字，通过捶打的方式转印到纸上。
From the display panel here, we can understand that two primitive reproduction techniques, stamping and rubbing, existed before printing was invented. Stamping appeared as early as in the pre-Qin period, while rubbing, which is transferring characters on stones to paper based on the ridges, can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
在这些原始的复制技术的基础上，我国在唐朝时期，又发明出了雕版印刷。这种印刷方式，是先把文字反向刻在板子上，然后在文字上涂上墨汁，贴上纸，文字就印在了纸上。这种方式最大的好处是，一块雕版可以反复印刷。宋朝时期的时候，雕版印刷在我国应用的非常广泛了。在展板中间，您可以看到一个西夏文的雕版照片，这块雕版是我国目前现存最早的木刻雕版。
Woodblock printing was invented based on primitive reproduction techniques during the Tang Dynasty. This printing method includes that first engrave text on a woodblock in reverse, then ink is applied and paper is pressed onto the block, and the result is printed text. Its biggest advantage is that a woodblock can be repeatedly used for printing. China widely applied woodblock printing in the Song Dynasty. In the middle of the display panel is a photo of the earliest woodblock in existence in China that was engraved with Tangut script.
雕版印刷的出现和普及，使得书籍可以大批量、低成本复制，促进了知识的传播。除此以外，它还促进了纸币的诞生，使得商品交易更加快捷方便，在右边的展板上，您就能看到南宋和元代用来印刷纸币的铜版照片。
The advent and popularization of woodblock printing enabled books to be reproduced in large quantities and at a low cost, which promoted the dissemination of knowledge. Plus, it also propelled the emergence of paper money, making commodity transactions faster and easier. In the right display panel, you can see photos of copper plates that were used to print paper money during the Southern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty.
另外，我国在宋代还出现活字印刷术。为什么叫“活”字呢？在右边的展板上，您可以看见，活字印刷术跟雕版印刷不一样，雕版是在一块板子上刻好多字，活字则是把单字刻在一个个的小方块上，就像印章一样。需要印刷的时候，就把这些小方块儿组合排列就行了。
Furthermore, movable type printing was also invented in the Song Dynasty. Why do we call it “movable”? From the display panel on the right, you can notice the difference between movable type printing and woodblock printing. Woodblock printing is engraving characters onto one plate while movable type is engraving individual characters on small cubes, just like that of a seal. People freely assembled these small cubes based on what they needed to print.
接下来，咱们往右边走，去看看另一种最具有代表性的中国商品，陶瓷。
Next, let’s go to the right and appreciate another commodity that most represents Chinese exports–ceramics.
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